Articles
Winging It
By Karl C. Priest June 26, 2021
[The following are snips (in italics) from a scientific paper seeking to explain how insect wings came to be. My comments are in brackets. Karl]
The wings of vertebrates, like birds and bats, emerged relatively recently, and weunderstand [Actually, these True Believers in Evolutionism (TBEs), MISunderstand. Karl] that these wings evolved from forelimbs…Insects, however, possess both wings AND limbs on their winged segments, suggesting [I suggest thatTBEsare deluded by Darwinism. Karl] that their wings are not evolved from modified limbs…Despite their status as the first animals to take to the skies, the answer to this question has remained poorly understood and under debate for over 200 years. This debate has culminated in two leading hypotheses [Actually, “hallucinations.” Karl] on the origin of insect wings… [The TBEs attempt to claim that insect wings evolved from other body parts. Karl]
The idea behind this approach is that the wing homologs* in other segments have been modified [Modification does not happen without a modifier. That is reality. Karl] to differing degrees, suggesting[Ditto from above.] that wing homologs from wingless segments might provide us with a series of “snapshot” views into the evolution of wings and help us reconstruct how this complex structure came to be... [Those “might provide” “snapshot” views take great imaginations. Karl]
[The TBEs then attempt to use impressive terms such as “molecular evolutionary and developmental biology (evo-devo)” to crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimps…) because “crustaceans and insects share a common ancestor”… BWAHAHA! Karl]
Parhyale hawaiensis , the crustacean we chose for our study provided a great “model” crustacean for our investigation because their dorso-ventral body plan is very similar to that of insects, which makes comparisons between the two much simpler … [That’s similar to comparing a tricycle and a jumbo jet. Genes consist of DNA and DNA contains atoms. Tricycles and jumbo jets are much less complex than insects, but tricycles and jumbo jets all have atoms. Karl]
We started our search for wing homologs in Parhyale by identifying structures that are dependent on the gene vestigial ( vg). vg is a critical wing gene in insects and has often been used for the molecular identification of wing homologs. We looked at expression** and function of vg. [Genes have encoded information. A code only comes from a coder. Karl]
The similarity between the wing-related structures in insects and crustaceans appears to point to a dual evolutionary origin of the insect wing and suggests that insect wings evolved through the merger of two previously distinct structures … [Apparitions appear. Karl]
[The TBE author of the paper refers to another paper that opens its abstract with, “The origin of insect wings is a biological mystery that has fascinated scientists for centuries.” Karl]
[The origin of insect wings will always be a mystery to TBEs who refuse to acknowledge the Originator. Karl]
https://thenode.biologists.com/looking-to-crustaceans-to-understand-insect-wing-evolution/research/
*A homolog is a gene similar in structure and evolutionary origin to a gene in another species.
https://www.genscript.com/molecular-biology-glossary/10015/homolog
**Gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to direct the assembly of a protein molecule.
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Gene-Expression
Comment from a friend who peer reviewed my comments: “NASA always likes to stay ahead of science and research, they should begin their studies on the flight characteristics of lobsters now and not wait for them to complete their evolutionary next step.”
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